แบบฟอร์มสำหรับส่งบทความเข้าคลังความรู้
วันที่บันทึก : 28 พฤษภาคม 2557
ผู้บันทึก : นายอาทิตย์ ภูมิสวัสดิ์
กลุ่มงาน : ยุทธศาสตร์และแผนงาน
ฝ่าย : ยุทธศาสตร์และแผนงาน
ประเภทการปฏิบัติงาน: การนำเสนอผลงานวิจัย
วันที่ 22 พฤษภาคม 2557 ถึงวันที่ 24 พฤษภาคม 2557
หน่วยงาน/สถาบันที่จัด : มหาวิทยาลัยสงขลานครินทร์ วิทยาเขตปัตตานี
สถานที่จัด : ณ โรงแรมภูเก็ต เกรชแลนด์ รีสอร์ท
เรื่อง : การนำเสนอผลงานวิจัยระดับนานาชาติ
รายละเอียด
Depency Level in Performing Activities of Daily Living of the Elderly People
Artith Phumisawat BoromrajonaniCollege of Nursing, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
Ratthayanaphit Phalasuek Boromrajonani College of Nursing, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
PhakamolThonglearsBoromrajonaniCollege of Nursing, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
Abstract
Care needs have special importance to effectively plan for the long term care of elderly people. This survey research aimed to identify the number of older people in 3 groups, classified by the dependency level in performing activities of daily living (ADLs), which group 1 being the lowest and group 3 being the highest. The population was 517 older people residing in Tumbol Naphru, Phra-Phrom District in Nakhon Si Thammarat. The instrument was the Older People Dependency Screening Questionnaire developed by Linjong Phothipal at all. The results revealed that the percentage of group 1, group 2, and group 3 was 87.3, 8.1 and 4.5, respectively in males and 83.8, 9.8 and 6.4, respectively in females. The percentage of older people who were dependent was 3.8% for feeding, 5.2% for dressing and toileting, 5.6% for bathing and grooming, 5.4% for mobility in house, 9.7% for cooking, 13% for house cleaning, 12.2% for out-of -house mobility, 8.3% for using money, and 12.2% for using public transport. The number of older people who were dependency was increasing with increasing age. The results will be used as basic information for effective and costly intervention planning to improve the quality of life of the elderly.
Key words: Elderly people, Activities of Daily Living, Dependency level
Introduction
The senior population take place fast, so performing activities of daily living are reflection an appropriate of the living conditions. The elderly care plan requires clear information on the level of dependence, including a number of elderly in each level of dependency. Aging population in 7 provinces of upper Southern, Thailand — Chumphon , Surat Thani and Nakhon Si Thammarat (NST), Phuket, Krabi , Ranong, Phang Nga are 11.51 percent of the total population . Especially, NST are facing the challenges of an aging society is increasing rapidly (Ministry of Social Development and stability. man , 2552 ), the elderly population in Prahma district is in The fifth place in NST. The elderly high as No. 5 of the 16 districts of the province . (Office of Public Health, Nakhon Si Thammarat , 2554 )
ที่กำลังเผชิญกับภาวะการณ์ของสังคมผู้สูงอายุที่เพิ่มขึ้นอย่างรวดเร็วและมีจำนวนผู้สูงอายุมากที่สุดในภาคใต้ คือ จำนวน 205,421 คน คิดเป็นร้อยละ 14.27 (กระทรวงการพัฒนาสังคมและความมั่นคงของมนุษย์, 2552) สถานการณ์ผู้สูงอายุในอำเภอพระพรหม มีผู้สูงอายุสูงเป็นลำดับที่ 5 จาก 16 อำเภอของจังหวัดนครศรีธรรมราช (สำนักงานสาธารณสุข จังหวัดนครศรีธรรมราช, 2554)
2. Objective
The objective was to develop the pattern of the public-mind consciousness in nursing students.
3. Methodology
The qualitative research design applied to step by step as follows:
3.1 The 20 purposive sampling from the 108 population were the Thirdrd year nursing students of BCNNST.
3.2 A three-step for cultivated the nursing students’ public mind covered;
3.2.1 Service mind capacity surveying aimed to study the understanding of the public consciousness in the students.
3.2.2 Service mind capacity building aimed to provided the students with a positive attitude towards the public consciousness.
3.2.3 Network of service mind expanding purposed to encouraged how to build the social or public affection in the students.
3.3 The research instruments used to develop public-minded consciousness included three categories. The first type was learned with three of modeling the behavioral movies__a cancer patient who taking care 10 orphans, the piano’s caregiver had learned piano for 2 years for achieved herself instead the elderly deformed left arm be able to play piano, and group of volunteers training imitating natural sounds such as rain and frogs to storytelling for blindness heavenly perceived the voices. The second one was intuitive writing explored processes and results of reflective thinking or self-observation. It puts the sample thought be aware of a volunteerism clearly for giving reasons of public-minded consciousness. The last one was process of Appreciation Influence Control (AIC) for learning through the direct experience.
3.4 The data was gathered by in depth interviews in this study elicited detailed information about volunteering behaviors. In depth interviews also explored details rising from the public-minded consciousness in terms of knowledge and understandings, reasoning in making decisions of public-minded consciousness and the public-minded behaviors.
3.5) Analysis of data used were content analysis refered to research objective.
4. Results
4.1 Service mind capacity
Service mind capacity in nursing students refer to understand the public-minded consciousness with insight into two aspects as followed;
a) An integration of people who have public-mindedness done for public activities like helping other people or society and environmental conservation activities which that occur in various festivals. As the samples said;
“… any activities that help others such as cleaning the temple on a holy day…”
“… anyone can be a volunteer by kindness to others. Previously, thoughtful public activity as a volunteer camp that is a major projects… “
“… integration activities such as clubs, including any kind of a group activity in the festival. …”
“… Joint effort with the leader”
b) Public-minded consciousness is the helpful behaviors expressing sacrifice for people who need or social without expecting rewards. As the samples said;
“… We have a heart to help others without being forced whether a little or bundles. This starts from myself before”.
“…helping others is good because it is benefit others without expectation of return “.
“… helping soul as it allows recipients to feel good. To help someone in a trouble or not is more benefit “
“… bringing the ability to help others”.
After the sample clearly the 3 modeling behavioral movies they clarify understanding the nature of public-minded consciousness is the idea of people that need to do for the benefit of others and social. Whether it cover maintenance activities in the public domain, helping persons to benefit or to assist those who have suffered. By those actions do not expect a return. This public-minded consciousness is able to achieved to anyone, even though they didn’t used to think. The prototype also set the modeling to another one. Futhermore, people have found happiness with public-minded consciousness without expecting rewards. As the samples said;
“… anyone can be a volunteer by kindness to others”.
“… public-minded consciousness is cultivated by themselves to do for others but not for themselves “.
“… At first, I thought public-minded consciousness was be involved, but indeed that is the benefit to do for others”.
4.2 Service mind capacity building
Nursing students learn public-minded consciousness as a process of thinking and attitude of helping others, a community, and social which reasonable reconstruction from the value realization of the action to the other party or context of the community and society without expecting rewards until succeed the individual confidence as the samples said;
“… developing personal public mind is changing attitude from shame about a volunteering behavior to keep my spirit up”.
“…previously I thought, was that good to pick garbage up or not because most people didn’t do. After I realized the media not only that maintain a courage of mind but also promote and develop my public mindedness”.
“… public-minded conscious was driven by to ensure that things are well done, it doesn’t alienated and I have already found happiness with the thing I though and did for other people”.
“…just clear volunteering vision with the elderly’s caregiver who invested to learn piano for play the piano as the other hand of the older people was very impress me. I think it was unnecessary to do, but she attempt to do for the elder’s happiness”.
In this study has found an individual public-minded consciousness is classified into 4 levels as followed;
Level 1 is social responsibility and respecting the others’ rights. This level people regard to everyone the right to life, liberty and security of people. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards each other in their lifestyles without the intervention. So, that’s very thoughtful of interaction.
Level 2 is hesitation. This level people are nervous, embarrassed or worried, so they have a pause before doing something or a feeling that they should not do it.
Level 3 is an idea to help others in appropriate environment or context. This level people contribute to the performance based on their interactions to the environments involved by equipment, atmosphere and duties to preserving environments.
Level 4 is an attempt to do something success. This level people unconditionally intent to assist another person or others what they are capable without expecting rewards. As the samples said;
“…difference level of mindedness behavior, the lowest level is based on social responsibility, avoiding physical punishment and respecting the others’ rights; while, the second one is making decision to help. The thirdly is as acting for others’ acceptance, and the highest is becomes the helpful behaviors expressing sacrifice and solving the terrible situation without return”.
4.3 Network of service mind expanding
After the samples care for the elderly and disabled people in the community by using AIC as a mechanism. The results revealed that three components to developed the public mind were themselves, their families leader community, educational institute, teachers’ facilitate, and society. A model for cultivated the public mind in nursing student involved three elements; the policy development, the strategic planning determination, and operational development.
An approach to cultivated public awareness based on the nursing students’ opinion included;
1) Pre-regard to collective responsibility is to create or adapt a positive attitude towards the public-minded consciousness by studying to clarify the understanding of the public consciousness situations. Using story telling, movie, and video watching. This phase should be developed from the family.
2) Regard to public awareness is a changing process of ideas, beliefs, and values regarding their abilities, and creativity. Include an expanding their ability to help others which is a positive thinking towards public-minded consciousness. This phase requires the reinforcement from other people and the contribution environment or context as peer groups.
3) Experiencing the Self-consciousness is determination to help others in uncomplicated situation until the event of a disaster. People have learning by doing and affect from the recipients. This phage is a moment for achieve a positive impression on their actions. The prototype developed in this phase to ensure concrete action.
4) Experiencing the others-consciousness is the accumulation of public mindedness and cultivate a positive attitude towards public awareness until becomes the identity.
5) Experiencing the community-consciousness is a period of expanding public awareness and building networks with communicate their experience to others. This phase requires vocal group activities for the benefit of the community. Lessons learned by the reflective thinking to create and cultivate a positive attitude towards the public consciousness to others. As the samples said;
“…public mindedness need motivation, but not compulsion. So, importance to understand what, how, where, and when to do. Public-mindedness cultivation need communication and repeat”.
“… mindedness behavior must include; 1) have a good attitude, good thought and good practice, 2) peer group—friend and teacher agree with the idea to help and learn together. 3) ensure that things are well done for help others happiness”.
“…volunteer activities have to be able to do. Factors that encourage the public mindedness were cultivated by parents, teachers who have good role model”.
5. Discussion
The finding indicated nursing students’ opinion towards nature of the public-minded consciousness is a process of thinking and attitude that before and after clarify understanding are different. This study found that public-minded consciousness is able to achieved to anyone which the component includes 5 domains: 1) mental public or attitude 2) public activities 3) sacrifice behavior for others without rewards 4) public-minded consciousness modeling and 5) context that enabling mental public. Public-minded consciousness is classified into 4 levels as followed; Level 1 is social responsibility and respecting the others’ rights. Level 2 is hesitation. Level 3 is an idea to help others in appropriate environment or context. Level 4 is an attempt to do something success. An appropriate approach to cultivated public awareness based on the nursing students’ opinion include; 1) Pre-regard to collective responsibility which should be developed from the family, 2) regard to public awareness that requires the reinforcement from other people and the contribution environment or context as peer groups, 3) experiencing the self-consciousness which the prototype developed in this phase to ensure concrete action, 4) experiencing the others-consciousness, and 5) experiencing the community-consciousness in this phase lessons learned by the reflective thinking to create and cultivate a positive attitude towards the public consciousness to others. The results coherent to various studies such as Siri Kaensa (2008), Nongnapas Thiengkamol (2012), (Andrea Campbell & Nathaniel Persily, 2012), (Phakawadee LearsKarnchawat, 2011) and Constance Milbrath (2013). The recommendation towards sustainable development the public awareness by policies established and enabling mental environment as peer groups for cultivation public-minded conscious cover experiencing the others-consciousness and experiencing the community-consciousness.
References
Andrea Campbell & Nathaniel Persily. (2012). The Health Care Case in the Public Mind: How the Supreme Court Shapes Opinion About Itself and the Laws It Considers from http://blog.oup.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Persily-Campbell-health-care-case-in-public-mind.pdf
Constance Milbrath (2013). Socio-culturai selection and the sculpting of the human genome: Cultures’ directional forces on evolution and development, An International Journal of Innovative Theory in Psychology, 31(13): 390-406.
Nongnapas Thiengkamol. (2012). Model of Environmental Education and Psychological Factors Affecting to Global Warming Alleviation, Mediterranean Journal of Social Science, 3(11): 427-435.
Pakawadee Learskarnchanawat. (2011). The Development of Public Mind for Thai Society in Buddhist. The NationalDefenseCollege, Bangkok.
Robert Wood and Albert Bandura. (1989). Social Cognitive Theory of Organizational Management. Conversations. Journal of Management, 14(3): 361-384.
Siri Kaensa. (2008). Developing Public ConsciousnessS of Mutthayomsuksa Students. A Case Study of Khonsawan School Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand. Educational Journal of Thailand, 2(1): 64-72.
Thiengkamol, N. (2009a). The Great Pyilosopher: the Scientist only know but Intuitioner is Lord Buddha. Bangkok: Prachya Publication.
Thiengkamol, N. (2009b).The Happiness and the Genius be Created before Born. Bangkok: Prachya Publication.
Thiengkamol, N. (2011a). Holistically Integrative Research (2nd ed.).Bangkok: ChulalongkornUniversity Press.
Thiengkamol, N. (2011e). Environment and Development Book1. (4th ed.).Bangkok: ChulalongkornUniversity Press.
(362)